展讯 | 「 具体 」在哪里？ GUTAI

「 具體 」在哪裏？

GUTAI

吉原治良 | Jiro YOSHIHARA

展览时间 | Duration

2020.5.22.（周五）- 2020.7.12.（周日）

（12：00 - 20：00，周一闭馆 Closed on Monday）

展览开幕 | Opening

2020.5.23.（周六） 3pm

熏依社画廊 · Shun Art Gallery 

复兴空间 · Fuxing Space

地址 | Address

200031 上海市 徐汇区 复兴中路1363弄3号108室

Room 108, No.3, Lane 1363, Middle Fuxing Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China 200031

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0121 | Acrylic on paper | 37.0×44.5cm | 1960~1970

「 具体 」在哪里？

新冠肺炎的疫情作为始端的2020年，4月29日晚，贫穷艺术（Arte povera）¹ 运动的创始人，意大利艺术评论家杰玛诺·切兰特（Germano Celant, 1940-2020）在米兰也因新冠肺炎引起并发症去世，享年80岁。贫穷艺术运动是20世纪最后的“主义”之一。它并非简单指涉作品材料的匮乏与简陋，更不是艺术家经济实情的自我嘲讽，而是与大地艺术、后极简主义和观念艺术齐头并进的艺术流派。

几乎同一时期，1968年的日本，関根伸夫在神户須磨公园的作品“位相－大地”开启了「物派」（Mono-ha）序幕。物派的作品关注空间与“物质”的关系性，认为空间与物质本质上是相互依存的关系项，即亦对物质与物质本身的关系性也关注有加。于是这项以関根伸夫、李禹焕、吉田克朗、小清水渐、菅木志雄、高山登、成田克彦等为主要成员的后来被称为“物派”的艺术运动，逐渐发展并在在关东兴起。

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0196 | Ink on paper | 38.0×45.0cm | 1955~1965

而在关西，更早于物派及贫穷艺术，另一前卫艺术运动群体——GUTAI「具体」于1954年成立，也是代表日本战后当代艺术的重要艺术群体，全称为具体美术协会。以兵库县芦屋市出身的前卫艺术家吉原治良（Jiro YOSHIHARA, 1905-1972）为首，这个艺术群体相比物派，成员多到60人左右。而其中被关注的多为白发一雄和田中敦子，很多成员大家还不是很熟悉。

吉原治良于1905年1月1日生，是有钱人家的公子，早期在创立具体美术协会前是多才的斜杠青年：吉原食用油公司社长和前卫抽象艺术家。他的作品以圆圈为符号，应该是日本极简主义和观念艺术的鼻祖。他个人也早在二战前就活跃在日本画坛，而对于二战后的日本而言，他的极简主义，观念性和抽象在当时更是具有极其的冲击性与前瞻性。

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0253 | Ink on paper | 75.5×56.0cm | 1955~1965

他出生在食用油世家，是实业集团的后裔。1928年留法时受到超现实主义艺术家们的影响，1930年左右就以鱼和海边风景等作为日常题材。但当把那个时期的作品拿给当时在巴黎著名日本画家藤田嗣治看时，被指出没有新意。他的绘画由此发生了很大的变化，变得更几何、更抽象。二战爆发，战时的他依旧只能写生。而战后他继承了家业，在经营公司的同时，开始以不定型的激烈的笔触创作出很多既简洁又前卫的抽象作品。

之后，他的作品与法国的非定型艺术流派（Art Informel）以及美国的抽象表现主义流派的行为绘画（Action painting）等同时被关注。因为有在法国的经历，当时最流行的高级定制的服装品牌也会邀请他帮他们设计舞台装置等，他的舞台当时就已经是世界级了。同时他也在关西地区开始开画塾，带学生。

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0223 | Pen on paper | 19.0×26.5cm

1952年吉原以干事的身份参与现代美术恳谈会，2年后便发展成为“具体美术协会”。最初的成员有15人，也基本上是以他画塾里的学生为主，所以群体里这种自然的师徒关系则是比较罕见的。吉原富有，既是艺术家也是艺术家们的赞助人和老师。除了当时的关西芦屋的野外展之外，当时具体派的第一回群展也是在东京的小原会馆举办，展览规模相当壮观。而具体派与法国的非定型派也一同策划进行过国际交流共同展。

1962年吉原在中之島自己家的老仓库开了家画廊，专门为具体派协会的艺术家做展览所用，他本人也创作了大量的抽象和前卫的作品。这家画廊也应该是日本最初的当代艺术画廊，空间时尚前卫。1972年吉原因病去世，具体美术协会也随即解散。但是具体派的先驱性影响了一批日本艺术家，对于日本的战后艺术创作思想与当代艺术发展更是具有爆炸性的影响。

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0122 | Acrylic on paper | 44.5×37.0cm | 1964

此次熏依社画廊上海馆展出的作品多为吉原先生早期的纸本作品，作品尺幅不大，却可以对早期创作思维的文化审视角度略有体会。

社会环境变动下，个人及群体也会引发思考，与当下我们全人类又再次面临的剧烈动荡也有一定程度的精神契合，希望吉原治良上海首展可以为后疫情复工的上海提供一次新鲜的感悟。

Shun 写于日本紧急事态延期中的东京工作室

【注】1, 1967 年，《Flash Art》登出了杰玛诺·切兰特的《游击战争笔记》（Notes for a Guerilla War），他在其中首次提出“Arte Povera”（贫穷艺术）的概念。“贫穷艺术”主要指艺术家选用废旧品和日常材料或被忽视的材料作为表现媒介，旨在摆脱和冲破传统的“高雅”艺术的束缚，并重新界定艺术的语言和观念。

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0252 | Acrylic on paper | 76.0×56cm | 1955~1965

GUTAI

At the beginning of 2020 while the epidemic of the Covid-19 keeps elasticizing, Germano Celant, the Italian art critic and leader of the Arte povera ¹, died in Milan at the age of 80 from the complications of virus-causing pneumonia on the evening of April 29. Poverty art movement was one of the last art movements in the 20th century, in which is more than a reference to the scarcity and simplicity of the artwork materials or self-deprecation of the artist's tough life. It was an art genre that goes hand in hand with earth art, post-minimalism, and conceptual art.

At the same time of 1968, Nobuo Sekine ignited the Mono-Ha art movement (School of things) with his work " Phase—Mother Earth” at the Suma Park of Kobe in Japan. Works of Mono-ha art movement focused on the relationship between space and the "matter", the concept believes space and “matter” are interdependent in their nature characters and emphasizes the matter itself’s interlinking. This art movement became known as the “School of Things" with the main members of Nobuo Sekine, Lee Ufan, Katsuro Yoshida, Kishio Suga, Susumu Koshimizu, Noboru Takayama, Katsuhiko Narita, which gradually developing and emerging in the Kanto areas of Japan.

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0220 | Ink on paper | 26.0×19.0cm | 1955~1965~1970

However, before Poverty art Movement and Mono-ha happened, another avant-garde art movement, GUTAI, arised in Kansai at the year of 1954, representing an important art group in Japan of Post-War and Contemporary art scene. Known as the GUTAI Art Association and led by artist Jiro YOSHIHARA (1905-1972) from Hyogo Prefecture, Ashiya City, the movement artists' group had almost 60 members. Besides the well-known Kazuo Shiraga and Tanaka Atsuko, rest of them are still unfamiliar to people.

Born on January 1st of 1905, Jiro YOSHIHARA was the son of a wealthy family, he was a talented and “Slash” young man. In his early years before founding the GUTAI Art Association: he possessed both the titles of President of the Yoshihara Oil Mill Ltd. and avant-garde abstract artist. Circles are notable symbols in his works. He was very active in Japan art scene before World War II and supposed to be the originator both of Japanese minimalism and conceptual art. In his works, the abstraction expression, minimal style, and conceptualism were extremely influential and forward-looking to the people after World War II in Japan.

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0187 | Ink on paper | 40.5×31.5cm | 1955~1965

Jiro YOSHIHARA was born in an cooking oil business family, his works was influenced by surrealist artists when he studied in France of 1928, around 1930 he painted the fish and seaside landscapes as everyday subjects. However, when he showed those works to the famous Japanese painter Tsuguharu Foujita in Paris, it was pointed out that they were hardly innovative. After that, his paintings have thus changed considerably and became more geometric and abstract. However, he could only sketch due to the outbreak of World War II. After the war, he inherited the family business. While running the company, he started to paint the simple, avant-garde abstract works by using a fierce and unpredictable brushwork.

Subsequently, Jiro YOSHIHARA’s works were noticed alongside the French Informalism (Art Informel) and the American abstract expressionism (Action painting). Because of his educational background in France, the popular haute couture brands asked him to help with the stage setting design and some other errands. At that time he became internationally noticeable but in the meanwhile, he set up an art workshop in the Kansai region and began to teach.

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0281 | Acrylic on paper | 24.0×27.0cm|1965~1970

In 1952, as the officer, Yoshihara participated in the Modern Fine Arts Symposium. Two years later, he co-founded the “GUTAI Art Association" and the starting members were 15 people, mainly the students from his workshop. This kind of natural teacher-disciple relationship was rare to find at that time. Yoshihara was a wealthy man, and he was both the artist and the patron/teacher to the artists. In addition to the opening show at Kansai Ashiya, their first group exhibition held at the Ohara Kaikan in Tokyo and it was quite spectacular at that moment. Later on, artists from GUTAI and Art Informel movements held up an international exchange exhibition together.

Yoshihara opened a gallery in his old warehouse from his own home in Nakanoshima of 1962, space was used for exhibiting GUTAI artists only. The gallery is supposed to be the first contemporary art gallery in Japan and its space was very fashionable and avant-garde. During that time Yoshihara himself kept working as an artist, he painted a large number of abstracts and avant-garde works. In 1972 Yoshihara died from an illness and then the association was dissolved. However, the pioneering characters of GUTAI art movements influenced a group of Japanese artists, it had a huge impact on Japanese artists’ creation after WW2 and left a deep mark on the development of its contemporary art field. 

吉原 治良 Jiro YOSHIHARA | NO.T0173 | Ink on paper | 40.5×31.5cm | 1955~1965

The exhibition at Shun Art Gallery Shanghai branch mainly displays Mr. Yoshihara’s early works in papers. Those works are not large size. However, it will give the audience insights from the cultural perspective about the artist’s creative thinking at the early stage.

Individuals and their groups begin pondering when society started to change. The motto was spiritually coined to the nowadays turbulence of mankind on some levels. Hoped the first solo exhibition of Jiro YOSHIHARA in Shanghai would provide a fresh knowledge to us after the returning to the normal from the epidemic.

-Shun, wrote at Tokyo studio
during the postponement period of the state of emergency in Japan.

1, In 1967, "Flash Art" magazine published Germaine Chelante's “Notes for a Guerilla War”, in which he first proposed the concept of "Arte Povera" (poverty art). "Poverty art" mainly refers to the artist's using of the scrap, daily or neglected materials as a medium of expression, with the aim of breaking away from the traditional "elegant" artworks and redefining language and concept of the art.

1905  生于日本大阪

1917  读中学,开始系统地学习油画，大学毕业于关西学院高等商业学部。

1928  远赴法国留学，留学时，举办了首次个人画展。留学期间得到了在巴黎的著名日本画家藤田嗣治的指点。

1952  以干事的身份加入了现代美术恳谈会

1954  吉原治良在家乡大阪西庐屋创建“具体艺术协会”，是战后最早出现的前卫美术团体。

1955  开始出版日、英双语的《具体》杂志

1956  发表《具体美术宣言》，定义精神、身体与物质在艺术中的全新关连。

1960  吉原治良全然地进入“圆”形创作。专注画“圆”，并且不停追求“圆”的奥义。

1962  具体美术馆开幕

1905  Born in Osaka, Japan

1917  He studied oil painting systematically in middle school and graduated from the Advanced Business of Kwansei Gakuin University.

1928  When he went to France to study, he held his first solo exhibition. While studying abroad, he was instructed by the famous Japanese painter Tsuguharu Foujita in Paris,

1952  Joined the Modern Art Symposium as an Officer

1954 Yoshihara founded the " Gutai Art Association" in his hometown of Osaka's Ashiya, the first avant-garde art group after the war. 

1955  Start to Publish Japanese and English magazines with the name of "Gutai "

1956  The Declaration of Gutai  Art, defining a new connection between spirit, body and material in art.

1960   Yoshihara completely entered the creation of "circle" shape. Focus on drawing "circle", and constantly pursue the meaning of " circle ".

1962  Gutai Art Museum Opened

1972  He was the leader of the Gutai Group until his death

交通 | Traffic

复兴空间 · Fuxing Space

● 的士 By Taxi

复兴中路靠近宝庆路 克莱门公寓

The Gellery is on the Middle Fuxing Road near Baoqing Road,.

● 地铁 By Subway

地铁1，7号线 常熟路站 徒步8分钟   

Line 1, 7: Changshu Rd. Station, Walk from Exit 6/7.

● 公交 By Bus

NO.15, 49, 96, 198, 315, 824, 830, 927 宝庆路淮海中路

Baoqing Road Middle Huaihai Road.